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Operating Systems for autonomous driving are becoming more and more complicated, while a number of automakers are transitioning to software companies.

Will open-source operating systems be adopted for commercial use and is the middleware needed in future commercial vehicle releases?

1. Executive Summary
   1. Autonomous Driving Operating Systems – Current and Future Trends
   2. Abbreviations in this Report
2. Operating System and Software Utilities
   1. Different Types of Operating Systems
   2. AUTOSAR Adaptive RTE
3. Real-Time Operating Systems for Autonomous Vehicles
   1. Blackberry/ QNX Neutrino
      1. QNX Automotive Hypervisor 2.2
      2. QNX Neutrino RTOS 7.1
      3. Blackberry Partnerships in the Field of Electric Vehicles and Autonomous Driving
   2. Elektrobit Automotive GmbH
      1. EB xelor Platform
      2. EB software and integration services in the Sony VISION-S prototype
   3. Green Hills Software
      1. Integrity RTOS
      2. Green Hills Software Partnerships and Announcements
   4. NVIDIA
      1. NVIDIA DRIVE OS 5.2
      2. NVIDIA DriveWorks SDK
      3. Cross-Compile ROS/ ROS2 with NVIDIA DRIVE OS and DriveWorks
   5. Intel Corporation
      1. Mobileye is Transitioning from a Proprietary, Custom Operating System to Open-Source Linux
   6. Siemens AG
      1. Mentor Nucleus RTOS
      2. Mentor Nucleus RTOS Partnerships and Announcements
   7. TPG Capital
      1. Wind River VxWorks
4. Automakers Becoming Software Companies
   1. Tesla
      1. The OS that Powers Tesla’s Autopilot
      2. Software Internals and Architecture of Tesla’s Autopilot Node
      3. Tesla Aims to License Autopilot Software to Automakers
   2. Toyota
      1. Arene OS
      2. Toyota Motors Extended Partnership with Denso and Aurora Innovation
   3. Volkswagen Group
      1. VW.os
      2. Volkswagen’s Partnership with Microsoft
5. Automakers are Following the Current Tech-Wave (Short Term)
   1. Daimler Group
      1. Mercedes-Benz and NVIDIA Software Defined Architecture for Automated Driving
   2. Hyundai Motor Company
      1. Hyundai Custom Operating System: ccOS
   3. NIO
      1. NIO Transitioning from Mobileye to NVIDIA for its NIO Pilot
   4. Xpeng
      1. Xpeng is Partnering with NVIDIA for its XPilot SAE Level 2 Autonomous Driving System
   5. Geely
      1. Geely Embracing Mobileye’s SuperVision but for the Short Term
   6. Other Notable Automaker Mentions
6. Is the Middleware Needed in the Future of AV Development?
   1. ROS (Robot Operating System) RTE
      1. ROS, ROS2 and Industrial ROS
      2. ROS, ROS2, Industrial ROS and Baidu Apollo Implications
   2. Apex AI
      1. Apex.OS
      2. Apex.OS 1.2 2021 Release
   3. Baidu Apollo
      1. The Apollo Operating System and Roadmap
      2. Baidu Apollo Migrated from ROS to Cyber RT
      3. Baidu Apollo Partnerships and Deployments
   4. Comma AI
      1. openpilot and NEOS Operating System
   5. TTTech Auto
      1. Car.OS Unit
   6. TierIV
      1. Autoware Foundation and Autoware Operating System
      2. Tier IV Activities and Partnerships in Tokyo, Japan
   7. ZF Friedrichshafen AG
      1. ZF Middleware for “Software-defined” Vehicle Applications
      2. Other notable partnerships and announcements from ZF
   8. General Motors/Cruise
      1. General Motors/Cruise Partnership with Microsoft and Honda
7. Analyst Contacts
   1. Other Contacts: